Cat Vaccination Guide: Types, Schedule, Frequency and Myths

Cat Vaccination Guide: Types, Schedule, Frequency and Myths

As a responsible cat owner, you want your feline companion to live a long and healthy life. Vaccination is an essential part of cat health management, effectively preventing various infectious diseases. However, the information about vaccinations on the internet can be confusing, with even some veterinarians providing inaccurate guidance. This article will delve into the types, schedules, frequency, and common myths surrounding cat vaccinations, helping you choose the best vaccination plan for your cat.

1. Types of Cat Vaccines

Cat vaccines are primarily divided into two categories: inactivated vaccines and modified live vaccines. Each has its advantages and disadvantages:

Inactivated vaccines: These are made with killed viruses, offering high safety but relatively weaker immunity. They require multiple doses.
Modified live vaccines: These use live viruses but are weakened, providing stronger immunity and typically requiring a single dose.

Based on the diseases they prevent, vaccines can also be categorized into core vaccines and non-core vaccines.

Core vaccines: These protect against common and deadly diseases in cats and are essential for all cats.
Non-core vaccines: These target less common or less deadly diseases, and whether they are necessary depends on individual cat factors.

2. Core Cat Vaccines

Core vaccines primarily include these three:

Feline Panleukopenia Virus (FPV): This virus causes feline panleukopenia, which manifests as vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, and can be fatal.
Feline Herpesvirus (FHV): This virus causes feline herpesvirus infection, resulting in sneezing, runny nose, eye inflammation, and upper respiratory tract infections.
Feline Calicivirus (FCV): This virus causes feline calicivirus infection, leading to mouth ulcers, drooling, breathing difficulties, and oral infections.

These three diseases are typically covered by a single vaccine called a combination vaccine or trivalent vaccine.

Additionally, rabies vaccine is considered a core vaccine in regions with high rabies prevalence.

3. Non-Core Cat Vaccines

Non-core vaccines are more diverse and include:

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV): This virus causes feline leukemia, resulting in immune deficiency and increased susceptibility to various illnesses.
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV): This virus causes feline immunodeficiency virus infection, leading to a weakened immune system and increased susceptibility to diseases.
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP): This virus, a mutation of the feline coronavirus, causes feline infectious peritonitis, a fatal disease.
Chlamydophila felis: This bacterium causes chlamydiosis, leading to conjunctivitis, respiratory infections, and other symptoms.
Bordetella bronchiseptica: This bacterium causes bordetella infection, leading to respiratory infections.
Giardia lamblia: This parasite causes giardiasis, leading to intestinal infections.

4. Cat Vaccination Schedule

The World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) recommends the following vaccination schedule for cats:

Kitten Vaccination Recommendations:

First vaccination at 6-8 weeks of age.
Subsequent vaccinations every 2-4 weeks, for a total of 3 doses.
Booster vaccination at 6 months or 1 year of age.
Booster vaccination every 3 years.

Adult Cat Initial Immunization Recommendations:

Two immunizations, spaced 2-4 weeks apart.
Booster vaccination every 3 years.

Rabies Vaccination Recommendations:

First vaccination at 12 weeks of age.
Annual booster vaccination.

Personal Experience-Based Recommendations:

First vaccination at 8 weeks of age.
Subsequent vaccinations every 4 weeks, for a total of 3 doses.
Booster vaccination at 1 year of age.
Booster vaccination every 3 years.

Regarding rabies vaccination, personal recommendations are as follows:

Cats are unlikely to contract rabies.
For home-bred cats, vaccination may be unnecessary.
For stray cats adopted into homes with no dogs, two vaccinations are recommended, with a booster the following year.
If there are dogs in the home, annual rabies vaccinations are advisable.

5. Recommendations for Non-Core Vaccines

Leukemia vaccine: Pre-vaccination FeLV testing is required, and the cat must be negative to receive the vaccine. However, as the virus is primarily transmitted from mother cat to kittens in utero, vaccination may not be necessary.
FIP vaccine: Nearly all cats carry the feline coronavirus, and FIP is a mutation of this virus. Therefore, the effectiveness of FIP vaccines is minimal.

6. The Dangers of Over-Vaccination

Over-vaccination is a problem in some regions, with certain veterinarians pushing for annual vaccinations for profit.

Risks of Over-Vaccination:

Weakened immune system in cats.
Increased risk of injection site tumors, a type of aggressive cancer.

It is recommended to vaccinate with core vaccines every 3 years to ensure cat health.

Conclusion

Cat vaccination is crucial for maintaining cat health, but selecting the right vaccine types and schedules is essential. This article has outlined the types, schedules, frequency, and common myths surrounding cat vaccination, aiming to help you choose the best vaccination plan for your feline companion.

Remember, consulting with a professional veterinarian and tailoring a vaccination schedule based on your cat's individual needs is the most scientific approach.

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